Zeeman Effect

Learn about atomic structure, Energy level of electrons in complex atoms.

Zeeman effect was one of the first proofs that the energy levels in an atom can be influenced by a strong external magnetic field.

Story starts 1896, Zeeman using best optical equipment at spectral lines, Found that the energy levels would shift and split. Took a long time to figure out what was going on.

Electrons are orbiting nucleus (orbital angular momentum) they also have intrinsic magnetic moment (like little bar magnets). Combination of spin and orbital angular momentum control the interaction of these "atomic currents" with external magnetic fields, which gives rise to the shifting energy levels.

Goal: Make you own measurement of a fundamental property of atoms: magnetic moment of the electron: "Bohr Magnetron".

Using optical elements:

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